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Before the spread of Islam and, with it, the Arabic language, Arab referred to any of the largely nomadic Semitic inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula.

In modern usage, it embraces any of the Arabic-speaking peoples living in the vast region from Mauritania , on the Atlantic coast of Africa, to southwestern Iran , including the entire Maghrib of North Africa , Egypt and Sudan , the Arabian Peninsula, and Syria and Iraq.

This diverse assortment of peoples defies physical stereotyping , because there is considerable regional variation.

The early Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula were predominantly nomadic pastoralists who herded their sheep, goats, and camels through the harsh desert environment.

Settled Arabs practiced date and cereal agriculture in the oases, which also served as trade centres for the caravans transporting the spices, ivory, and gold of southern Arabia and the Horn of Africa to the civilizations farther north.

The distinction between the desert nomads, on the one hand, and town dwellers and agriculturists, on the other, still pervades much of the Arab world.

Islam , which developed in the west-central Arabian Peninsula in the early 7th century ce , was the religious force that united the desert subsistence nomads—the Bedouin s—with the town dwellers of the oases.

Within a century, Islam had spread throughout most of the present-day Arabic-speaking world and beyond, from Central Asia to the Iberian Peninsula.

Arabs of today, however, are not exclusively Muslim; approximately 5 percent of the native speakers of Arabic worldwide are Christians, Druzes, Jews, or animists.

Traditional Arab values were modified in the 20th century by the pressures of urbanization, industrialization, detribalization, and Western influence.

External Websites. Jewish Virtual Library - Arabic Language. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree See Article History.

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Afro-Asiatic languages , languages of common origin found in the northern part of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and some islands and adjacent areas in Western Asia.

About Afro-Asiatic languages are spoken today by a total of approximately million people. Retrieved 21 March Retrieved 12 February Oxford Dictionaries - English.

Namespaces Page Talk. Views Read Change Change source View history. Wikimedia Commons. Western Maghrebi Central incl.

Egyptian , Sudanese Northern incl. This means I earn a commission if you click on any of them and buy something. So by clicking on these links you can help to support this site.

Arabic The Arabic script evolved from the Nabataean Aramaic script. There are two main types of written Arabic: Classical Arabic - the language of the Qur'an and classical literature.

It differs from Modern Standard Arabic mainly in style and vocabulary, some of which is archaic. All Muslims are expected to recite the Qur'an in the original language, however many rely on translations in order to understand the text.

It is the language of the vast majority of written material and of formal TV shows, lectures, etc. Additional letters are used when writing other languages.

The only exceptions to this rule are crossword puzzles and signs in which the script is written vertically.